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You may notice that the `export' and `unexport' directives work in`make' in the same way they work in the shell, `sh'. If you want all variables to be exported by default, you can use`export' by itself: exportThis tells `make' that variables which are not explicitly mentioned inan `export' or `unexport' directive should be exported. Any variablegiven in an `unexport' directive will still _not_ be exported. If youuse `export' by itself to export variables by default, variables whosenames contain characters other than alphanumerics and underscores willnot be exported unless specifically mentioned in an `export' directive. The behavior elicited by an `export' directive by itself was thedefault in older versions of GNU `make'. If your makefiles depend onthis behavior and you want to be compatible with old versions of`make', you can write a rule for the special target`.EXPORT_ALL_VARIABLES' instead of using the `export' directive. Thiswill be ignored by old `make's, while the `export' directive will causea syntax error. Likewise, you can use `unexport' by itself to tell `make' _not_ toexport variables by default. Since this is the default behavior, youwould only need to do this if `export' had been used by itself earlier(in an included makefile, perhaps). You *cannot* use `export' and`unexport' by themselves to have variables exported for some recipesand not for others. The last `export' or `unexport' directive thatappears by itself determines the behavior for the entire run of `make'. As a special feature, the variable `MAKELEVEL' is changed when it ispassed down from level to level. This variable's value is a stringwhich is the depth of the level as a decimal number. The value is `0'for the top-level `make'; `1' for a sub-`make', `2' for asub-sub-`make', and so on. The incrementation happens when `make' setsup the environment for a recipe. The main use of `MAKELEVEL' is to test it in a conditional directive(*note Conditional Parts of Makefiles: Conditionals.); this way you canwrite a makefile that behaves one way if run recursively and anotherway if run directly by you. You can use the variable `MAKEFILES' to cause all sub-`make'commands to use additional makefiles. The value of `MAKEFILES' is awhitespace-separated list of file names. This variable, if defined inthe outer-level makefile, is passed down through the environment; thenit serves as a list of extra makefiles for the sub-`make' to readbefore the usual or specified ones. *Note The Variable `MAKEFILES':MAKEFILES Variable.
你也许注意到了 export 和 unexport 指令在make的工作方式和shell的工作方式一致。
如果你想要所有的变量都被缺省地导出,你可以用 export 自身:
export
这告诉make ,没有被显式地在export 或者unexport 中提及的变量,将被导出。任何在unexport指令 中给出的变量仍然不会到处。如果你使用了export自身来缺省地导出变量,名字中包含其他字符的变量将不会导出,除非你在export 指令中特别提及。
被一个export 自身指令引出的行为在旧版本的GNU make 中是缺省的。如果你的makefile依赖于这种行为而且你想要保持对旧版本make的兼容性,你可以为特殊目的 .EXPORT_ALL_VARIABLES 写一个规则,而不是用 export 指令。这个将被旧版本的 make 忽略掉,此时,export 指令会导致一个语法错误。
类似地,你可以使用 unexport 自身来告诉make 缺省地不要到处变量。因为这是缺省的行为,如果export 自身已经被之前使用了(也许是在一个被包含了的makefile里面)你只需要使用 unexport自身就行了。你不能在某些片段里通过使用export自身来导出某些变量同时又通过使用 unexport自身来缺省不导出某些变量。最后出现的export 或者 unexport 指令会决定整个make的行为。
作为一个特殊的功能,变量 MAKELEVEL 在从一层向下一层传递的时候会改变。这个变量的值是一个字符串,是一个10进制数字的深度值。顶级make为0,子make为1,子-子make为2,以此类推。make为一个片段设置环境的时候,发生数值增长。
MAKELEVEL的主要用途是在一个条件性的指令中测试(*note Conditional Parts of Makefiles:Conditionals.);这样你可以写一个makefile, 在某种条件下递归运行,另外一种条件下直接运行。
你可以使用变量 MAKEFILES来导致所有的make 命令用额外的makefile。MAKEFILES的值是一个空格分隔的文件名字列表。这个值,被定义在外层makefile中,在环境中向下传递;然后给子make提供一个增强makefile列表来读取。*Note The Variable 'MAKEFILES': MAKEFEILES 变量。
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本文转自健哥的数据花园博客园博客,原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/gaojian/archive/2012/10/01/2709770.html,如需转载请自行联系原作者